Tuesday, May 25, 2010
Is the sacrum considered a vertebral body?
Answer:
Yes, It is part of the vertebrae but the actual bones surrounding the spinal cord consists of 24 bones; 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae. The whole human vertebrae consists of 33 vertebrae because the sacrum and coccyx are composed of fused bones.
Is the frontalis muscle a separate muscle to temporalis in mammals (non-human)?
If so, which one is more superficial (say in the dog) and what are their different functions %26 innervations?
Answer:
Yes, it is a separate muscle, even in humans (or should I say especially in humans?). Frontalis is more superficial. It is used partly for raising your eyebrow (to express surprise, questioning, etc). It is supplied by the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve). Temporalis muscle is a much bulkier muscle located over the temples. It helps in mastication (chewing) and is supplied the by trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve).
Edit:
Sorry, I read your 'non-human' tag after having answered the questions. I'm not sure about non-humans.
Answer:
Yes, it is a separate muscle, even in humans (or should I say especially in humans?). Frontalis is more superficial. It is used partly for raising your eyebrow (to express surprise, questioning, etc). It is supplied by the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve). Temporalis muscle is a much bulkier muscle located over the temples. It helps in mastication (chewing) and is supplied the by trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve).
Edit:
Sorry, I read your 'non-human' tag after having answered the questions. I'm not sure about non-humans.
Is the collarbone always symmetrical ?
Just wondering if anyone knows about the symmetry of the clavicle (collarbone). Is it normal for the collarbone not to be symmetrical on the left and right side of the body ? I mean when I touch one end of the right side of the collarbone it's more proeminent than the other one (the left one).
Answer:
No body is symmetrical. We think it is, but there are subtle differences pretty much everywhere.
If you are handy with a graphics program, you can prove this by taking a photo of your face, cutting it in half and flipping the image so that it makes a whole face again. It won't look much like you.
We see this in surgery all the time.
People just don't grow symmetrically. Plus, you use one arm more than the other, and they develop asymmetrically.
You're fine, don't worry about it.
Answer:
No body is symmetrical. We think it is, but there are subtle differences pretty much everywhere.
If you are handy with a graphics program, you can prove this by taking a photo of your face, cutting it in half and flipping the image so that it makes a whole face again. It won't look much like you.
We see this in surgery all the time.
People just don't grow symmetrically. Plus, you use one arm more than the other, and they develop asymmetrically.
You're fine, don't worry about it.
Is the blood within a fetus鈥檚 hepatic portal vein nutrient rich?
im doing a fetal pig dissection lab and I need help answering this question...
Answer:
The liver in foetuses tends to be shut down, the mother is used to remove most of the toxins from the foetal circulation. The liver (and spleen) is used for red cell production before the marrow kicks in. So I guess the answer is probably, to supply nutrients for cell production.
Answer:
The liver in foetuses tends to be shut down, the mother is used to remove most of the toxins from the foetal circulation. The liver (and spleen) is used for red cell production before the marrow kicks in. So I guess the answer is probably, to supply nutrients for cell production.
Is the answer to depression just to 'walk it off'?
Answer:
Walking is a good start, as it helps rebalance the brains dopamine/seretonin pathways, (an imbalance is a contributing factor to depression).
I would suggest you get up early also, 6am is a good time. Gives you time to come to terms with the day before it officially begins. A cup (1) of strong fresh coffee (not instant) assists in creating good momentum for the day I feel also.
Consider your diet and ensure you are eating a good amount of fruit and vegetables.
Talk about it with some-one you feel comfortable with. If there is no-one like that, possibly consider seeing a counsellor, as these sessions are confidential. This may help you find out why you are feeling depressed, how long u have been experiencing it etc.
Ensure you participate in a healthy range of activities each day/week, so that you are interacting with the outside world on a regular basis. Make sure that you get some sunshine too.
If the depression is still that bad that it is preventing you from running your normal life, you may wish to consult your doctor/physician about an antidepressant, which in the short term will help you get past those bad morning starts, and in the long term keep you on the path to a full recovery and satisfying lifestyle. I personally have taken several antidepressants over the years and have found EFFEXOR XR to be the most effective treatment.
Above all, take it easy, get time off work, and just enjoy doing the things you like to do. Depression is a serious illness and not to be taken lightly.
All the best!
Is the "brand" of Iran education in MEDICINE well recognized in the world?
Are Iranian doctors (educated in Iran - esp in Tehran University) considered among top ones in the World? I meant how is the standard of education in Medicine in Iran recognized in the World? Is it very high quality? Is it better to study medicine in Tehran University or in University College London (UCL)? Which one provides you with more knowledgeable and practical base for future career (e.g. medical genetics researcher) ?
Answer:
Mayo Medical School is one of the premier research facilities. You may wish to contact one of the professors such as: Syed M. Jalal, Ph.D.
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/resear...
http://www.mayoclinic.org/labmed-patholo...
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/resear...
Syed M. Jalal, Ph.D.
Interests:
Congenital chromosome anomalies Application of DNA fluorescent probes to congenital and hematologic disorders
Also, you may wish to contact:
American Board of Medical Genetics
Administrative Office:
9650 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20814-3998
Phone: (301) 634-7316
Fax: (301) 634-7320
Email:
abmg@genetics.faseb.org
If you plan to come to the US, you will have to pass tests and probably re-do a residency (even though in Iran you may have finished) So, you may be better served by finishing your medical education in the US if you intend to practice in the US.
http://www.ecfmg.org/
I do not have information about the UK but I believe that the process would be similar.
Answer:
Mayo Medical School is one of the premier research facilities. You may wish to contact one of the professors such as: Syed M. Jalal, Ph.D.
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/resear...
http://www.mayoclinic.org/labmed-patholo...
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/resear...
Syed M. Jalal, Ph.D.
Interests:
Congenital chromosome anomalies Application of DNA fluorescent probes to congenital and hematologic disorders
Also, you may wish to contact:
American Board of Medical Genetics
Administrative Office:
9650 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20814-3998
Phone: (301) 634-7316
Fax: (301) 634-7320
Email:
abmg@genetics.faseb.org
If you plan to come to the US, you will have to pass tests and probably re-do a residency (even though in Iran you may have finished) So, you may be better served by finishing your medical education in the US if you intend to practice in the US.
http://www.ecfmg.org/
I do not have information about the UK but I believe that the process would be similar.
Is taking AdderallXR 20mg any different from taking two 10mg Adderall XR's?
I am away at college and my doctor lives in Florida so he has to send me my adderrall prescriptions. He got the dosage wrong - I usually take AdderrallXR 20mg, but he gave me AdderallXR 10mg. I know you're thinking he might have done this on purpose- he didn't because I spoke to him on the phone when I asked him to send a prescription. I figured, well I'll just take two AdderrallXR 10 mg's. I have had strange symptoms and I am wondering if my body reacts differently to the two capsuls even though It's the same amount. My heart feels like It's beating out of my chest, my chest feels somewhat tight. I'm dizzier than normal. I never had these symptoms with the 20mg. I am guessing it is the fact that I took two 10mg's. I was wondering if anyone knew - if this was dangerous what I did and if it really is different from taking one AdderallXR 10 mg pill.
Answer:
its because wit adderall xr 20 mg, 10 mg are realeased immediately and the other 10 mg are released slowly throughout the day.
Answer:
its because wit adderall xr 20 mg, 10 mg are realeased immediately and the other 10 mg are released slowly throughout the day.
Is Sudarshan Kriya safe? Does it cause brain damage?
Hi I recently tried Sudarshan Kriya and experienced numbness, extreme lightheadedness and headache. I did some research and it says that it is hyperventilation. Is it dangerous to practice? does it cause brain damage?
Answer:
SUDARSHAN KRIYA is a safe technic and it is harmless in any manner. I feel you might not have followed to instructions or as thought in the classes. You should not do it all of a suddent fully and step by step increase has to be done. I am doing it and it is good.
Or you may be having some other physical problem. I suggest you to suspend it for some time and consult your physician or the instructor of Art of Living course. On taking their advice you can continue it. PLEASE DO NOT DO ANY RESEARCH YOURSELF and please follow the instructions.
It will not cause any damage to brain.
Now about SUDARSHAN KRIYA-
Sudarshan Kriya is a unique rhythmical breathing process that is said to have been revealed to Sri Sri Ravi Shankar during a spell of silent meditation that he had gone into for 10 days in 1982. The theory is that the kriya allows a healthy and pleasant mind to produce chemical messengers, which travel from the nervous system to the immune system, resulting in the overall betterment of both body and mind.
This kriya, as done at the Art of Living workshops, involves regulating one's breath to the sounds of So-hum ('So' for inhale and 'hum' for exhale)coming from the tape recorder in Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's voice. The entire kriya involves 3 rounds with each round having 20-40-40 of long, medium and short 'So' breaths respectively. The intensity of 'Hum' exhalation remains the same throughout the kriya.-
Answer:
SUDARSHAN KRIYA is a safe technic and it is harmless in any manner. I feel you might not have followed to instructions or as thought in the classes. You should not do it all of a suddent fully and step by step increase has to be done. I am doing it and it is good.
Or you may be having some other physical problem. I suggest you to suspend it for some time and consult your physician or the instructor of Art of Living course. On taking their advice you can continue it. PLEASE DO NOT DO ANY RESEARCH YOURSELF and please follow the instructions.
It will not cause any damage to brain.
Now about SUDARSHAN KRIYA-
Sudarshan Kriya is a unique rhythmical breathing process that is said to have been revealed to Sri Sri Ravi Shankar during a spell of silent meditation that he had gone into for 10 days in 1982. The theory is that the kriya allows a healthy and pleasant mind to produce chemical messengers, which travel from the nervous system to the immune system, resulting in the overall betterment of both body and mind.
This kriya, as done at the Art of Living workshops, involves regulating one's breath to the sounds of So-hum ('So' for inhale and 'hum' for exhale)coming from the tape recorder in Sri Sri Ravi Shankar's voice. The entire kriya involves 3 rounds with each round having 20-40-40 of long, medium and short 'So' breaths respectively. The intensity of 'Hum' exhalation remains the same throughout the kriya.-
Is steam cell research a good or bad thing and why?
Answer:
Through careful work, adult stem cells could be used to repair a damaged brain or heart, rebuild a knee, restore injured nervous system connections
The great advantage of embryonic stem cells is that they can differentiate into 210 different types of tissue.
Heart Disease - German heart specialist Bodo Eckehard Strauer successfully treated a heart patient, using stem cells from the man鈥檚 bone marrow. Dr. Stauer said, "Even patients with the most seriously damaged hearts can be treated with their own stem cells instead of waiting and hoping on a transplant" ("Stem cell therapy repairs a heart," London Daily Telegraph, August 25, 2001).
Heart Disease - "Four out of five seriously sick Brazilian heart-failure patients no longer needed a heart transplant after being treated with their own stem cells" ("Stem cells used to repair heart tissue," MSNBC News, September 8, 2003).
Sickle Cell Anemia - CBS鈥?60 Minutes II reported on 15-year-old Keone Penn, whose physicians at the University of Pittsburgh say was healed of sickle cell anemia with an injection of stem cells from umbilical cord blood. According the report, "the stem cells changed his entire blood system from type O to type B" and eliminated the sickle cell problem ("Stem cells from umbilical cord blood used to save a boy鈥檚 life," CBS broadcast transcript, November 28, 2001).
Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Sixteen-year-old Nathan Salley told a U.S. Congressional subcommittee how stem cells from umbilical cord blood saved his life ("Teenager testifies he鈥檚 鈥榣iving proof鈥?of stem-cell option," Denver Post, July 22, 2001).
Multiple Sclerosis - Thirty-six-year-old Susan Stross is one of more than 20 MS patients whose conditions have remained steady or improved after receiving an adult stem cell transplant. The same results are reported with several hundred patients worldwide ("Already saving lives, stem cell research may soon be in full swing," Seattle Times, August 20, 2001).
Non-Hodgkin鈥檚 Lymphoma - Forty-year-old Mark Fulford was not able to receive a bone marrow transplant; so doctors used stem cells from umbilical cord blood ("Different kind of stem cell already saving lives," Denver Rocky Mountain News, August 18, 2001).
Parkinson鈥檚 Disease - "Jefferson researchers have early evidence of bone marrow stem cells able to become brain cells" (Thomas Jefferson University news release, November 12, 2001).
Improved Stroke Recovery - "Cells from the blood of an umbilical cord help rats recover from stroke faster, new study finds" (University of South Florida Health Sciences Center News Release, November 8, 2001).
Blood Stem Cell Transplant - "Transplantation: Surgical team uses standard stem cell procedure in unique way for kidney recipient" (Blood Weekly, March 7, 2002).
In a breakthrough trial, 15 young patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were given drugs to suppress their immune systems followed by transfusions of stem cells drawn from their own blood.
All but two of the volunteers in the trial, details of which are published today in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), do not need daily insulin injections up to three years after stopping their treatment regimes.
The negatives are the ethical, moral %26 legal use of embryonic stem cells.
38 states recognize that life begins at conception and 25 states already regulate embryo and fetal esearch. Ten states ban harmful embryonic research altogether. Louisiana designates IVF [in vitro fertilization] derived embryos as judicial [legally recognized] persons. Maine, Michigan, and Massachusetts impose up to five years of imprisonment for harmful research on live embryos or fetuses.
Five states restrict the sale of embryos, five more restrict sale for research, and eight others prohibit sale for any reason. Some of these laws might have changed as this is old research.
What do you think is this a good thing.
From everything that I have read it seems that this might be as close to a miracule cure as has ever been.
Is selling needles OTC for drug use OK?
Think seriously about it. I work in a pharmacy and had someone with no teeth and a dirty look ask to buy a ten pack of 100cc insulin syringes. I actually had one (its frikkin huge) and showed it to him to explain that I know it isn't what he's looking for. I already know what he's going to use the needles for, but I ask him anyway and he says, "Well, dope. I just don't want to share dirty needles with me and everyone else."
I won't say if I sold them or not because I'll get criticized by the public either way, but I would like to know what you all think about it.
Should I have sold the correct needles (100 unit) to him or should I have turned him away?
Answer:
There is no prescription required to purchase needles. Given that the individual will acquire the drugs without your help, you are not enabling him. Selling him the needles can only help to try to keep him disease free. From an ethical standpoint, you are not violating any laws, inducing anyone into illegal activity, and only providing a service that will help safeguard his health, and potentially others.
I would say sell the needles.
I won't say if I sold them or not because I'll get criticized by the public either way, but I would like to know what you all think about it.
Should I have sold the correct needles (100 unit) to him or should I have turned him away?
Answer:
There is no prescription required to purchase needles. Given that the individual will acquire the drugs without your help, you are not enabling him. Selling him the needles can only help to try to keep him disease free. From an ethical standpoint, you are not violating any laws, inducing anyone into illegal activity, and only providing a service that will help safeguard his health, and potentially others.
I would say sell the needles.
Is sea life (fish, shrimp, crab, etc) easier to digest than land animals?
I have cut down on eating land animals because I feel it is too hard to digest, and that energy could be used to heal other parts of my body. Is this true?
Answer:
Fish is usually easier to digest if it is not prepared with alot of oils and breading. Shellfish may or may not be according to your digestive system. Some people are allergic to them and cannot digest them at all. Shellfish tend to be high in cholesterol. Try different types of fish and then a few shellfish at a time to see how your body does. Think about other sources of protein such as soy, milk products, eggs, grains , nuts and legumes.
Answer:
Fish is usually easier to digest if it is not prepared with alot of oils and breading. Shellfish may or may not be according to your digestive system. Some people are allergic to them and cannot digest them at all. Shellfish tend to be high in cholesterol. Try different types of fish and then a few shellfish at a time to see how your body does. Think about other sources of protein such as soy, milk products, eggs, grains , nuts and legumes.
Is Ritalin a banned substance in athletics events?
My 13 year old daughter is taking part in time trials this week in order for her to run for the county.A few months ago she was diagnosed as having ADHD and was prescribed Ritalin.She is currently taking 10 mg twice daily.Does anyone know if this is a banned substance at this level of competition?And if so would it be safe for her to not take any on this particular day.asking because I can't get hold of her doctors for over a week due to them being on leave.
Answer:
Ritalin is not currently banned in competitions so she should be fine to continue taking it and compete. If you need to seek advice about her skipping a dose then you could speak to a Pharmacist at a chemist or maybe phone NHS Direct?
Answer:
Ritalin is not currently banned in competitions so she should be fine to continue taking it and compete. If you need to seek advice about her skipping a dose then you could speak to a Pharmacist at a chemist or maybe phone NHS Direct?
Is Red Wine really good for you? Or will any alcohol do the trick?
It is a widely held view that one or two standard drinks per day is good for one's health.
It has also been a popular idea that red wine is the best for this.
Do you believe this, or will any alcohol in the form or 1-2 standard drinks do the job?
Answer:
Red wine is said to contain polyphenols and resveratrols which gives benefits. Flavonoids and tannins contained in the wine is also said to be beneficial however the studies seem to be more in favor of red wine to gain more benefits.
It has also been a popular idea that red wine is the best for this.
Do you believe this, or will any alcohol in the form or 1-2 standard drinks do the job?
Answer:
Red wine is said to contain polyphenols and resveratrols which gives benefits. Flavonoids and tannins contained in the wine is also said to be beneficial however the studies seem to be more in favor of red wine to gain more benefits.
Is QALY a scam ?
Imagine I am in the job of building housing for people.
I build some housing in unpleasant areas (near swamps with mosquitos).
People then ask for better fittings - locks on doors, etc, saying there are defects.
I argue that what I am providing is "quality adjusted". That quality of life is low near the swamp, therefore the housing does not merit high-quality fittings.
Answer:
It's a scam if you're charging people for things that you're not providing. If these people understand before signing a contract that the home has been "quality adjusted" (weasel words, but that's another matter), and you give them exactly what you promised to do, then it's their own fault. If, however, you either do not adequately explain what they're getting, or fail to provide everything that you promised, or charge exorbitant prices, then you're at fault.
I build some housing in unpleasant areas (near swamps with mosquitos).
People then ask for better fittings - locks on doors, etc, saying there are defects.
I argue that what I am providing is "quality adjusted". That quality of life is low near the swamp, therefore the housing does not merit high-quality fittings.
Answer:
It's a scam if you're charging people for things that you're not providing. If these people understand before signing a contract that the home has been "quality adjusted" (weasel words, but that's another matter), and you give them exactly what you promised to do, then it's their own fault. If, however, you either do not adequately explain what they're getting, or fail to provide everything that you promised, or charge exorbitant prices, then you're at fault.
Is profit the key objective of the health insurance industry ?
Are the health insurance industry "a bunch of crooks who would gladly let you die if it meant making a bigger profit" ?
Are there control mechanisms - QALY, prospective payments, come to mind 鈥?that are ways of tweaking the system to the health insurance industry鈥檚 base ends.
Answer:
Yes, they are in the business of making money.
As a physician, I frequently have to fight to collect fees that insurance companies owe. They make us jump through hoops unnecessarily, in an effort to delay or avoid payment.
Some are worse than others.
Fortunately, I am not in a specialty where insurance companies dictate which drugs I can use and how I can treat my patients.
Are there control mechanisms - QALY, prospective payments, come to mind 鈥?that are ways of tweaking the system to the health insurance industry鈥檚 base ends.
Answer:
Yes, they are in the business of making money.
As a physician, I frequently have to fight to collect fees that insurance companies owe. They make us jump through hoops unnecessarily, in an effort to delay or avoid payment.
Some are worse than others.
Fortunately, I am not in a specialty where insurance companies dictate which drugs I can use and how I can treat my patients.
Is penicillin safe for cats and in what doses?
Answer:
All antibiotics are okay for eukaryotic based animals (all pets), lest they are allergic to them. The dosage depends on the mass of the animal. I'm not sure how much cats weigh in proportion to humans, but something like 1/5 - 1/10 the dosage for a human should be good.
Is modern medicine/surgery stopping the evolutionary progress of the human race?
Answer:
Here is an example that illustrates this very thing. Years ago, I became concerned about this. I think that whenever we block natural selection we affect the evolutionary process. (It does not stop evolution, it just has an unnatural bent in the line.)
High numbers of C-section births negatively affect natural selection. I figured it it went unchecked, it could eventually lead to female bodies that are incapable of giving birth naturally.
Fertility treatment for those who cannot reproduce permits reproduction of the genetic make up that is the problem. Again, if unchecked, how long before the entire race has reproductivity problems.
So we end up in a world in which females cannot reproduce or give birth naturally. I am not too worried though, as I figure science and technology will fix it before it actually becomes a problem.
Is Methorexate recommended as part of the treatment plan for complete hydatidiform mole besides unruptured?
ectopic pregnancy?
Answer:
No not typically. Methotrexate is an anti-inflammatory used mainly for arthritis and cancer treatment.
Answer:
No not typically. Methotrexate is an anti-inflammatory used mainly for arthritis and cancer treatment.
Is it wrong to take sleeping pills when you don't have trouble falling asleep?
I look forward to bedtime now. Is this wrong? Am I hurting my body? I do notice that I forget things now. Even stuff that happened before I take the pills. I can stop anytime I want (and have) so do you think I could be addicted? They sort of make me a little high...
Answer:
I really think you should stop. These aren't good signs (forgetting things).
Answer:
I really think you should stop. These aren't good signs (forgetting things).
Is it true, there are increasing levels of cancer causing Strontium-90 being found in "baby" teeth?
http://www.radiation.org/projects/tooth_...
historically Strontium-90 source came from above ground nuclear testing...are below ground test sites sealed?
where is it coming from...is it from nuclear reactors?..if so...then why is it allowed to happen?
if not...then where is it coming from?
Answer:
Every time some country in the entire world does a nuclear test of any kind, the nuclear byproducts are released into the air %26 travel the globe on the winds. It settles, we get it. It's transferred to babies through the mother, they get it before they're even born. Yes, it's from nuclear reactors as well as from nuclear testing. It's like with hot dogs - there's a "safe" level of nasty byproducts in them that you don't want to know about - well, there's a certain "safe" amount of nuclear leakage from reactors that is allowed as well. Not to mention the nuclear dump sites for spent rods %26 fuel from reactors. Yeah, it's buried, supposedly contained - but I'm willing to bet something leaks anyway. What's the answer? Stop all human reproduction? Stop any type of nuclear use globally? It's not possible - you can't put the genie back into the bottle once it's set free. And humans aren't going to stop having babies. So there is NO answer.not really...
historically Strontium-90 source came from above ground nuclear testing...are below ground test sites sealed?
where is it coming from...is it from nuclear reactors?..if so...then why is it allowed to happen?
if not...then where is it coming from?
Answer:
Every time some country in the entire world does a nuclear test of any kind, the nuclear byproducts are released into the air %26 travel the globe on the winds. It settles, we get it. It's transferred to babies through the mother, they get it before they're even born. Yes, it's from nuclear reactors as well as from nuclear testing. It's like with hot dogs - there's a "safe" level of nasty byproducts in them that you don't want to know about - well, there's a certain "safe" amount of nuclear leakage from reactors that is allowed as well. Not to mention the nuclear dump sites for spent rods %26 fuel from reactors. Yeah, it's buried, supposedly contained - but I'm willing to bet something leaks anyway. What's the answer? Stop all human reproduction? Stop any type of nuclear use globally? It's not possible - you can't put the genie back into the bottle once it's set free. And humans aren't going to stop having babies. So there is NO answer.not really...
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