In physiology, what are the pathological processes that produce abnormal constituents in the urine?

Abnormal Constituents include: Protein, Gl, Ketone bodies, Bile pigments (bilirubin), Bile Salts, RBC鈥檚 WBC鈥檚, Epithelia cells, Casts
Answer:
There are many as you have listed.
In pregnancy protein is looked for.
In diabetes sugar is looked for.
wbc's for infection , rbc's for infection
casts for infection
in a 24 hr urine salts and total liquid is tested to determine what might be causing kidney stones
there ae other things that might be looked for for different diseases

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